Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CCR2 F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Proliferation Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Revascularization and osteogenesis are reinforced by M2 macrophage activation via the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. A and B) HUVECs and BMSCs proliferation assay under M2 macrophage activation. Created with BioRender.com . C) Migration assay and quantification of HUVECs. D) Tube formation assay and quantification of HUVECs. E and F) Early and later osteogenic differentiation of BMSC influenced by macrophage-induced microenvironment. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05 (vs Control), ∗∗ p < 0.01 (vs Control), ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (vs Control), ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 (vs Control); $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Proliferation Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Control

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CCR2 F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Proliferation Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Revascularization and osteogenesis are reinforced by M2 macrophage activation via the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. A and B) HUVECs and BMSCs proliferation assay under M2 macrophage activation. Created with BioRender.com . C) Migration assay and quantification of HUVECs. D) Tube formation assay and quantification of HUVECs. E and F) Early and later osteogenic differentiation of BMSC influenced by macrophage-induced microenvironment. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05 (vs Control), ∗∗ p < 0.01 (vs Control), ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (vs Control), ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 (vs Control); $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Proliferation Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Control

Journal: Biomedical Optics Express

Article Title: Histology correlated adaptive optics polarisation sensitive optical coherence tomography

doi: 10.1364/BOE.590238

Figure Lengend Snippet: Top row: log-scale reflectance and DOPU of albino mouse retina. Second row: log-scale reflectance and DOPU of C57BL/6 mouse retina. Third row: log-scale reflectance and DOPU of Cx3cr1 GFP Ccr2 RFP mouse retina. Retinal layers as indicated on reflectance image in top row: retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL); inner plexiform layer (IPL); inner nuclear layer (INL); outer plexiform layer (OPL); outer nuclear layer (ONL); external limiting membrane (ELM); photoreceptor outer segments (OS); photoreceptor inner segments (IS); retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); choroid.

Article Snippet: Cx3cr1 GFP Ccr2 RFP transgenic mice (Jackson Laboratory, strain no. 032127; RRID: IMSR_JAX:032127) were used to generate time-course images.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Biomedical Optics Express

Article Title: Histology correlated adaptive optics polarisation sensitive optical coherence tomography

doi: 10.1364/BOE.590238

Figure Lengend Snippet: Top row: log-scale reflectance and DOPU of albino mouse retina. Second row: log-scale reflectance and DOPU of C57BL/6 mouse retina. Third row: log-scale reflectance and DOPU of Cx3cr1 GFP Ccr2 RFP mouse retina. Retinal layers as indicated on reflectance image in top row: retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL); inner plexiform layer (IPL); inner nuclear layer (INL); outer plexiform layer (OPL); outer nuclear layer (ONL); external limiting membrane (ELM); photoreceptor outer segments (OS); photoreceptor inner segments (IS); retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); choroid.

Article Snippet: Cx3cr1 GFP Ccr2 RFP mice are derived from a C57BL/6 genetic background.C57BL/6J mice (Charles River, strain no. 027; RRID: IMSR_CRL:027) and albino (Charles River, strain number 022, Crl:CD1(ICR)) mice were used for validation.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Hepatology Communications

Article Title: Single-cell profiling reveals hepatic monocyte-derived macrophages heterogeneity during steatotic liver disease

doi: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000928

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD14 + CCR2 + (c0) MoMFs represent a functionally heterogeneous population driving fibrosis, inflammation, and lipid accumulation in MASLD. (A) Feature plots displaying the expression of F13a1 , Hp , Fn1 , Cd14 , Trem2 , and Ccr2 . (B) Flow cytometry analysis showing CD14 + MoMFs proportions among total MoMFs across NCD-fed, CDHFD-fed, MCD-fed, and HFD-fed mice, with representative plots (upper) and quantitative data (lower). (C) Correlation between the proportion of CD14 + MoMFs and the NAFLD activity score in the combined cohort of NCD-fed and MCD-fed mice. (D) Feature plots displaying the expression of Ccr2 in NCD and MCD. (E) Feature plots displaying the expression of Mmp8 , Sell , S100a10 , Clec5a , C5ar1 , Tnf , Treml4 , Cd36 , Trem3 , H2-Eb1 , H2-Aa , and Cd74 . (F) Violin plots displaying the expression of representative marker genes of each subcluster. (G–L) Statistical analysis of the percentages of CD14 + MMP8 + (G), CD14 + DCFH-DA + (H), CD14 + TNFα + (I), CD14 + CD36 + (J), CD14 + BODIPY + (K), and CD14 + MHC-II + MoMFs (L) among the total MoMFs in NCD-fed, CDHFD-fed, MCD-fed, and HFD-fed mice. (M) Percentage of CD14 + cells among total intrahepatic MoMFs in NCD, MCD+vehicle, and MCD+RS102895 groups. (N, O) Plasma ALT and AST levels in each group. (P–R) Representative images (P) and quantification of H&E staining (Q) and Sirius red staining (R) in liver paraffin sections. Scale bars, 200 μm. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CDHFD, choline-deficient high-fat diet; DEGs, differentially expressed genes; GO, Gene Ontology; HFD, high-fat diet; H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease; MCD, methionine/choline-deficient diet; MoMFs, monocyte-derived macrophages; mRNA, messenger RNA; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NCD, normal control diet.

Article Snippet: During the final 2 weeks, they received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the CCR2 antagonist RS102895 (5 mg/kg, HY-18611A, MedChemExpress) or vehicle control., RS102895 was prepared as a 25 mg/mL stock in DMSO and diluted to 1 mg/mL in a vehicle of 40% PEG300 (HY-Y0873, MedChemExpress), 5% Tween 80 (HY-Y1891, MedChemExpress), and 51% saline.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Activity Assay, Marker, Clinical Proteomics, Staining, Derivative Assay, Control

Journal: Hepatology Communications

Article Title: Single-cell profiling reveals hepatic monocyte-derived macrophages heterogeneity during steatotic liver disease

doi: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heterogeneity and dynamics of intrahepatic MoMFs during MASLD progression. This scRNA-seq analysis delineated 7 distinct MoMFs clusters (c0–c6) in the liver with dynamic changes during steatohepatitis progression. CD14 + (c0) MoMFs, the predominant CCR2 + population, exhibited multifaceted functions beyond inflammation, including roles in fibrosis, lipid uptake, and antigen presentation. The basal cluster (c1) is depleted during MASLD progression and acquires CD14 + and CCR7⁺ phenotypes under inflammatory stimulation in vitro. Lipid overload drives mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in CD206 + (c2) MoMFs in MASLD. CCR3 + (c3) MoMFs drive MASLD progression through lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and CCL5-mediated recruitment. CCL19/CCL21-recruited CCR7 + (c4) MoMFs exacerbate MASLD pathogenesis through enhanced antigen presentation. In addition, Ki67 + (c5) proliferative and CD3 + (c6) TCR-related MoMFs maintained stable proportions but exhibited functional alterations during MASLD. Abbreviations: MASLD, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease; MoMFs, monocyte-derived macrophages; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing.

Article Snippet: During the final 2 weeks, they received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the CCR2 antagonist RS102895 (5 mg/kg, HY-18611A, MedChemExpress) or vehicle control., RS102895 was prepared as a 25 mg/mL stock in DMSO and diluted to 1 mg/mL in a vehicle of 40% PEG300 (HY-Y0873, MedChemExpress), 5% Tween 80 (HY-Y1891, MedChemExpress), and 51% saline.

Techniques: Immunopeptidomics, In Vitro, Functional Assay, Derivative Assay, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing